Corporate Logos and Their Change in Design over the Years Research Paper

Corporate Logos and Their Change in Design over the Years - Research Paper Example The researcher states that Jim Nash made a black and white headshot of Quaker Man in 1946. This eliminated the other constituents of Quaker Man’s body which symbolized a more focus in providing the higher quality of products, matched with a smiling facial expression that conveyed a more positive outlook towards the consumers. In 1957, Haddon Sundblom painted a colored version of Quaker Man’s headshot which was used up until the recent times. In 1972, the company logo produced a radically redesigned monochromatic logo by Saul Bass. This signified a unified company, which embodies one single goal patterned after the honest and true values of the owners. However, as the company approached the contemporary era, the logo was shifted back to Sundblom’s original version, with a bigger Quaker word and an embossed gold border surrounding the headshot of Quaker Man. Recently, Quaker introduced a new logo set in Archer typeface, which is popularized by Hoefler and Frere-Jon es. The typical all-caps company name was replaced by a new font style that shows a simple and friendly ambiance. The Quaker Man was moved from the center portion of the logo to the inner portion of the letter Q. This was made after Quaker introduced a new line of tasty delights as they continue to venture into the global market. The logo produced a rather interesting message that is both eye-catching and message instilling. The Visa logo was typically shown in a flag design with the colors blue, white and gold. The blue and gold colors were associated with the blue skies and the golden hills of California, where the BankAmericard originated. At the company’s early times, Visa was originally a lending instrument that provided aid for people who are in need of financial assistance.

Enjo Kosai Girls: Identity Confusion

Enjo Kosai Girls: Identity Confusion INTRODUCTION The term enjo kosai has appeared prevalently at Hong Kong in around October 2007, after a local newspaper reported that girls dating for compensation and branded product. However, the seriousness of the problem was not addressed until a 16-year-old enjo kosai girl was killed and dismembered by a 24-year-old man who was a drug abuser in July 2009. This incident aroused huge social concern towards this emerging trend which is originated from Japan. What is the situation in Hong Kong? This paper aims to review this problem by pointing out that negative family factors is an antecedents of enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong, as well as analyzing that these girls tend to be in the identity diffusion status. Roles of social workers, dilemma they face and future invention strategies are also discussed. LITERATURE REVIEW Background of Enjo Kosai Enjo Kosai, abbreviated as enko, which is translated in English as Compensated Dating or Subsidized Dating, is a term originated in Japan. Enjo means to assist and Kosai means dating. The term was first report in a Japan Newspaper in September, 1994. With the spread of internet and cultural interflow, it was soon being prevalent in South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong. At first, the definition meant teenage girls dating an older man for money or gifts, so as to assist them from loneliness. Teenage girls regarded it as a part-time job, and for some of the participants, sex became part of the process. With the addition of sex for pay, the meaning of this activity became unclear. Nowadays, enjo kosai has generally turned into teenage sex work. The major difference between with prostitution is that, prostitution is generally performed in a brothel or by arrangement of a third party, while in enjo kosai, the fact is girls can choose men. If a girl does not like a man when she first sees him, she can leave him. As they are not bounded by any contract, they can conduct enjo kosai only when they need extra money. Causes of Enjo Kosai As suggested by Matsumoto (2002), in a survey by Asahi Shimbun in 1998, people where asked what they perceived to be the main contributing factors to this obvious social problem. The most common response was that parents cannot discipline their children and society overemphasizes the desire of goods. Typically girls commit in enjo kosai spend the money on expensive brand-named goods or on activities with friends. Although monetary reward underlies each of enjo kosai girls, apparently there are several explanations for the reasons behind. According to a Japanese study as suggested by Wakabayashi (2003), Maruta (2001) analyzed that there are three reasons why girls engage in enjo kosai: 1) efficiency of making money, 2) sexual desire, and 3) psychological compensation. The ratio among these three categories was 3:1:6. For the reason of psychological compensation, Maruta analyzed that there are two subcategories: 1) Girls are grown up in defective families and struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder or PSTD, which is a multidimensional construct of stress response syndromes. These girls have experienced some sort of trauma in their lives. This trauma might be physical, e.g., being raped or being physically abused by their parents; or it might be emotional, e.g., experiencing their parents divorce. 2) Girls seek to gain sexual experience, affirm their own sexual attractiveness and are possible to set a price for their bodies. Marutas analysis found there might be certain psychological connections between enjo kosai and the compensation for the lack of love, loneliness and past trauma experiences. Not surprisingly, other recent research found the same result. McCoy (2004) suggested that many teenage girls who engage in enjo kosai experience family dysfunction and a lack of communication with their parents, or they feel overprotected or stifled. They tend to be unable to exercise self-restraint, act impulsively and feel lonely. Research on Enjo Kosai in Hong Kong As enjo kosai is an emerging issue in Hong Kong, little formal research is done as it is a new research topic. A few local social service agencies conducted exploratory research. Some significant research include 1) An Exploratory Study of Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kong by Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2008): This is one of the earliest comprehensive exploratory studies on the emergence of enjo kosai in Hong Kong. Information of enjo kosai websites and other internet sources were extensively analyzed and six enjo kosai girls were being interviewed. Causes, prevalence and impact of enjo kosai were discussed. 2) Adolescents Views on Enjo Kosai by Hong Kong Christian Service (2009) 3) Secondary Students Knowledge and Values of Enjo Kosai by Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers Therapists (2009): They have done similar research on the causes of enjo kosai in Hong Kong, the value system of adolescents and their perception on this issue. Both studies suggested adolescents perceptions of the main reason that girls engage in enjo kosai is the efficiency of making money to buy branded products. These support the analysis of Kuruta (2001). 4) Uncontrollable Desire of Consumerism? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Rethinking the Problem of Enjo Kosai in Hong Kong by Office of Hon Cheung Kwok Che, Member of Legislative Council (Social Welfare Functional Constituency) Shiu, K. C. (2009): This study interviewed several enjo kosai girls and summarized different perspectives of viewing this problem in Hong Kong, including how society, police and the law treat enjo kosai. Social workers roles, positioning and intervention method were discussed. Negative Family Factors Researchers have found parental and family relationship relates to teenage girls sexual behavior, which applies to enjo kosai in this paper. Parental characteristics, family relationships, and attitudes, values and norms of family members also have been associated with adolescent sexual behaviors (Dorius et al., 1993). Adolescents from single-parent families have been shown to begin sexual intercourse at younger ages than those from two-parent families (Miller Bingham, 1989). Thornton and Camburn (1987) found that both parents and adolescents who have experienced divorce have more permissive attitudes about non-marital sexual intercourse. In addition, other than family factors that affect sexual behaviors, adolescents disclosure on their activities, i.e., communication with family also plays an important role in escalating and fostering enjo kosai activities. Dishion et al. (2004) suggested that monitoring is embedded within the parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"child relationship. Stoolmiller (1994) made a similar point that some teenagers actively avoid parental supervision, especially are disinclined to share information about their comings and goings and with whom they spend time. Both parents attempt and childrens willingness to disclose affect parents involvement in and influence on children (Dishion et al., 2004). Marcias Identity Statuses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Identity Diffusion Erikson (1950, 1968) suggested the descriptions of identity formation as a particularly adolescent activity. He grounded that adolescents need to confront the crisis of identity versus role confusion. Marcia (1966) extended Eriksons theory into a structured Identity Statuses by accessing individuals crisis and commitment. This includes 1) Identity achievement crisis leading to commitment; 2) Foreclosure commitment without crisis; 3) Moratorium crisis with no commitment yet; 4) Identity Diffusion no commitment, no crisis. Marcia (1976) revealed that the Identity Diffusion individuals had in common a lack of direction and purpose in their lives and a pervasive air of unconcern about the matter. Some individuals were drifting and some were distressed. They seemed to have jobs rather than occupations. They tended to be controlled largely by immediate environmental influences. Kroger (1993) suggested that parents of identity defused adolescents are more likely laissez-faire in child-rearing attitudes. They are rejecting or not available to children. The adolescents personalities tended to be with low levels of ego development, moral reasoning, cognitive complexity and self-certainly. They tended to have poor cooperative abilities. ANALYSIS DISCUSSION Negative Family Factor as Antecedents of Enjo Kosai Activities in Hong Kong Following Dishion et al (2004) s interaction effect between adolescents developing deviant friendships and parents disengaging from family management, this paper applies the argument to enjo kosai: If a girl is involved in enjo kosai, her behavior will escalate under conditions of low parent monitoring, negative parent communication, and poor relationship quality. This interaction of family management degradation and enjo kosai involvement is also in line with Dishion et al.s premature autonomy hypothesis. Though having a small sample size in Hong Kong, Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2008) found that all girls who engaged in enjo kosai they interviewed have a poor relationship with their families. They lacked communication with their parents and siblings, some were being abused and some parents were divorced. It is obvious that parental and family relationship strongly relates to enjo kosai activities in Hong Kong. Some interviewees agreed that their divorced family background might also foster them to involve in enjo kosai for psychological compensation of love and care. Identity Diffusion of Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kong From the above literature, it is reviewed that girls who engaged in enjo kosai activities could be applied as in the Identity Diffusion status. Despite McCoy (2004) found that in Southeast Asia, some girls who engage in compensated dating were frequently from middle or upper-middle-class families and were commonly good students and school leaders, while in Hong Kong, the situation is not the same. The few local studies suggested that enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong tend to have no commitment to schooling, education and have no seriously considered options of future career. Some of them treated enjo kosai as a part-time job. Their parents do not tend to discuss the future with these girls. The characteristics of Identity Diffusion adolescents also include high degree of anxiety and fluctuation in feelings about self and their dominant characteristics. Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2008)s findings supported these. The girls they interviewed are distressed, anxious, uncertain about themselves when they were alone and psychologically empty. Abortion was also reported from some girls. Roles of Social Workers in Hong Kong The roles of social workers are controversial. Office of Hon. Cheung Shiu (2009) discussed extensively about the roles and ethical dilemma of social workers face when handling with enjo kosai cases. For example, 1) the dilemma between being responsible to the case owner (enjo kosai girl) versus being accountable to the school: whether social workers should confidentially help the enjo kosai girls or they should report to the school principal once they receive a case; and 2) the intervention of institutionalized life is good for all girls: whether putting enjo kosai girls into girls home is advantageous regardless of their long-term identity and personality development as well as social network. Office of Hon. Cheung Shiu (2009) also argued that the role of social worker is more like police. They claimed that nowadays more social workers tend to report and publicize the case rather than focus on confidentially due to social pressure. However, the intervention phase will be affected and might not be aiming at the biggest interest of the case owner. It is suggested a balance should be kept when facing the dilemma of confidentiality versus accountability. More agencies could conduct research on this topic so that social workers will understand more on the reasons behind enjo kosai and to help these girls. More training to social workers could be provided on this topic and outreaching teams that focus on this target group could be formed. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS This paper concluded that negative family factors are antecedents of enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong. It also discussed that these girls tend to be in the identity diffusion status. This would be useful for social workers, social service agencies, sociologists and the government to understand more about enjo kosai, the role of family factors as well as the girls psychological development. It is recommended that more comprehensive sex education shall be given in early and middle adolescence stage so as to build up and achieve youths positive identity. On the other hand, more aid shall be given to existing enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong by social workers with focused outreaching teams.

The Good Death - :: essays research papers

Terrorism is a highly effective tool in getting worldly attention but if we increase the punishments we can then decrease the amount of terrorism. In order to stop terrorism we need to understand what terrorism is. 'Terrorism is the unlawful use or threat of violence against persons or property to further political or social objectives (The Vice President's Task Force on Combating Terrorism, pg. 17).'; Terrorist can use many different approaches. Sometimes they give warnings and sometimes they don't. The best ways to solve terrorism is by understanding the reasons behind it, ending publicity for it, and increasing securitiy measures for it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrorism is used to change a groups political or social objectives. 'It is generally intended to intimidate or coerce a governments, individuals or groups to modify their behavior or policies (The Vice President's Task Force on Combating Terrorism, pg. 17).'; Violence is its main ley in obtaining this change. Terrorist aim at the entire population. Which increases their chance of change. There id do much terrorism due to its unnecessary success. Terrorism has become out of hand. 'Terrorism has become the accepted model for the modern use of force, with terrorists them selves often enjoying more moral credibility than the democratic stated they are trying to bring down (McGurn, William, pg.91).'; By allowing the terrorist to become more popular than their government it creates a even more hectic situation. This needs to change or the terrorists acts will only increase.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrorism is a strategy used because it has no rules. This makes it vary useful due to it having no restrictions at all. 'Whereas nuclear weapons are means that can be shaped according to human will and strategies, terrorism rejects the foundation of all Western ethics: the conviction that even the noble cause has limits (McGurn, William, pg.94).'; Since there is no rules there is no limit to how far a terrorist can take his act. To contradict them having no rules we need to put up limits on what we allow them to do. If they want to protest against something or some government the best way to actually get results is by non-violent acts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Terrorism right now has a lesser punishment that that of the same criminal act. It seems that just because they have a reason they can put others at risk. If your a terrorist you have a little respect because you are standing up for what you believe in.

DDT and Pesticides Directions

American School of Guatemala Secondary SectionDate: 08/31/2012 APESTrimester 1 Activity # 1- DDT and Pesticides Directions: read carefully each statement and answer it. Watch the following video – DDT and Pesticides, and write a short reflection paragraph about the topic. If you want to see again this video, you can find it on the following direction. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=LQ64sV0nSVU This video shows how DDT was used in the world to help humans. Later on people started to notice that this pesticide was very strong that was able to kill plagues and insects rapidly that they started using DDT even more.Even though it was helpful in some way it was also harmful. It was harmful because it had a chemical that was not bonding and was the one that made the harmful changes like in frogs that had 5 legs and in humans the harm that was caused was that it created cancer and mutations on people like the boy that was born without eyes. DDT may change in a way some peopleâ€⠄¢s life but it really affects humans and their genes. Go to the following address and watch Biocides: Rachel Carson. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=vbtp2B-IFmw. Go to the following address and DDT: Weapon Against Disease – Documentary Film (1945) http://www. outube. com/watch? v=RmeqHs4svbQ and write a short paragraph for the most important aspects covered on the video. In the video above it shows the creation of DDT. This particular product is characterized by a white insecticide and was formulated in many forms, it tells that DDT is taseless and almost odourless. It was first created in 1874 and used with great success during World War II in order to control malaria and thyphus within civilians and U. S troops. DDt was also used in agricultural insecticide and later its production. It shows how people were taking advantage of DDT without knowing the harm it would cause.On the following address http://www. naturalnews. com/DDT. html you would be find some articles about DDT and its relation with human health. Choose two articles, read it write a short paragraph. Study shows DDT to be toxic to nervous systems of babies: This article talks about how Africa used DDT to fight malaria spread by mosquitos. It tells how a link between chemicals and the development delays in infants that were in utero when their mother were exposed. An important fact is that despite that DDT was transferred by breast milk, children who were breast feeding developed more normally even though the mother had high levels of DDT.It proves that it is not clear that DDT has ever killed anyone but they are still investigating DDT ‘s effects on humans. High levels of DDT still present in fish: Waters in the U. S still possess high levels of DDT contamination. This shows that the pesticide is still found with high levels in fish caught near Los Angeles area. It is also told that it’s associated with increase risk of liver cancer, and affect the human reproductive and ne rvous systems, and toxic to many animals, specially aquatic life. All this means that the amount of DDT in fish has not decreased by the last years.It concludes with how many companies have released a large quantity of DDT in water systems. On the following address http://www. epa. gov/aboutepa/history/topics/ddt/01. html you would be find some articles about DDT and its relation with human health. Choose two articles, read it write a short paragraph (Just Read) A sweet relaxing time for you on this weekend, if you like the video games go to the following direction and play it. Write your score. http://www. mofunzone. com/online_games/pest_attack. shtml 7,500 Vocabulary: write the definitions. Bioaccumulation:The accumulation of a substance, such as toxic chemical, in various tissues of a living organism. Takes place within an organism when the rate of intake of a substance is greater than the rate of excretion or metabolic transformation of that substance. Biomagnification: The inc reasing concentration of a substance, such as a toxic chemical, in the tissues of organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain, As a result of biomagnification, organisms at the top of the food chain generally suffer great harm from a persistent toxin or pollutant than those at lower levels Example of the DDT on food chain

Ayurvedic Medicine Essay

Ayurvedic medicine is one of the world’s oldest medical practices. It is also called Ayurveda and means â€Å"the science of life† (Cherry and Jacob, pp239, para 5). This practice originated in India and is now world known. Ayurveda’s goal is to â€Å"integrate and balance the body, mind, and spirit† (Ayurvedic Medicine, para 2). This practice is uses a variety of products and techniques such as herbal remedies, massage, meditation, breathing exercises and special foods to help cleanse the body and attempt to restore balance. This is believed to prevent illness and maintain wellness. Before using this therapy, you must first consult your healthcare provider because certain herbs have various side effects and may counteract with certain medications. Some view these practices as holistic medicine, however in the United States, it is viewed as a CAM and a whole medical system. It is believed that a person’s chances of developing certain diseases depends on the way doshas, which are â€Å"distinct metabolic body types† (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, para 1), are balanced, their mental and physical wellbeing and lifestyles. There are three types of doshas. 1. Vata, which are unpredictable, hyperactive, impulsive, slender, prone to insomnia, have fluctuating energy levels, cramps, and constipation. 2. Pitta, which are predictable, efficient, perfectionist, passionate, short-tempered, prone to heavy perspiration, medium build, have acne, ulcers, and stomach problems. 3. Kapha, which are relaxed, affectionate, forgiving, sleeps long and deeply, have a tendency toward procrastination, obese, have high cholesterol, allergies and sinusitis (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, table 11-1). The treatment process depends on the body type a patient possesses and may include using any of the following techniques: cleansing, detoxification, palliation, rejuvenation through special herbs and minerals, mental hygiene and spiritual healing (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240 para 2). Another goal to Ayurveda is to promote spiritual healing and remove oneself from negative situations to aid in mental nurturing. Some therapies that are currently approved for Ayurveda usage include a herbal remedy curcuminoid from turmeric used in cardiovascular conditions, cowhedge plant compounds used to lessen the side effects of Parkinson’s disease drugs, ginger, turmeric and  boswellia used in inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and the herb gotu kola to treat Alzheimer’s disease (NCCAM-Funded Research, para 1) . There is no process for certifying or licensing Ayurvedic practitioners currently (Cherry and Jacob, pp 240, para 3). However, many practitioners study in India where training may take up to 5 years to complete. After graduating, these practitioners may choose to provide care in the United States. Although there are no national standard for training in the US for Ayurveda, a few states have approved these schools as educational institutions (Practioner Training and Education, para 1). To locate qualified practitioners, you may visit the website www.ayurveda.com or http://ayurvedanama.org/find-practitioner/. Or for general information on Ayurvedic medical practice, you may visit www. nccam.nih.gov. REFERENCES Ayurvedic Medicine: An Introduction, 2009 July, retrieved from http://nccam.nih.gov/health/ayurveda/introduction.htm, on August 4 2012. Cherry, B., & Jacob, S. R. (2011). Contemporary nursing: Issues, trends, and management. (5th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby, Chapter 11, pp 239-240.